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Este ensaio tem como objetivo abordar o contributo da implementação de Exercício Multicomponente na vida de pessoas idosas residentes em Moçambique (país em desenvolvimento), bem como, confrontar com as ações ligadas à execução das políticas públicas sociais de proteção adstritas a esse grupo populacional. O exercício multicomponente é constituído por um leque de tarefas físicas combinadas recomendadas ao idoso que consiste em atividades que envolvem várias capacidades físicas simultaneamente: aeróbica, treino de marcha, equilíbrio, força, potência e resistência muscular. Para a escrita do ensaio, além das reflexões dos autores, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura, bem como, a discussão de documentos oficiais de políticas públicas em vigor em Moçambique. Ficou patente a necessidade de se incluir os exercícios multicomponentes na rotina dos idosos de Moçambique devido a sua relevância no impulsionamento do controle ou reversão das fragilidades biopsicossociais do idoso.
This essay aims to address the contribution of the implementation of Multicomponent Exercise in the lives of elderly people living in Mozambique (developing country), as well as confronting the actions related to the implementation of public social protection policies for this populational group. Multicomponent exercise consists of a range of combined physical tasks recommended for the elderly, consisting of activities that involve several physical capabilities simultaneously: aerobics, gait training, balance, strength, power and muscular endurance. For the writing of the essay, in addition to the authors reflections, a literature review was carried out, as well as the discussion of official documents of public policies in ruling in Mozambique. The need to include multicomponent exercises in the routine of elderly people in Mozambique became clear due to their relevance in boosting the control or reversal of biopsychosocial weaknesses in the elderly.
Este ensayo tiene como objetivo abordar la contribución de la implementación del Ejercicio Multicomponente en la vida de las personas mayores que residen en Mozambique (un país en desarrollo), así como confrontar las acciones relacionadas con la implementación de políticas públicas de protección social relacionadas con este grupo poblacional. El ejercicio multicomponente consiste en un conjunto de tareas físicas combinadas recomendadas para personas mayores, consistentes en actividades que involucran varias capacidades físicas simultáneamente: aeróbic, entrenamiento de la marcha, equilibrio, fuerza, potencia y resistencia muscular. Para la redacción del ensayo, además de las reflexiones de los autores, se realizó una revisión de la literatura, así como la discusión de documentos oficiales de políticas públicas vigentes en Mozambique. La necesidad de incluir ejercicios multicomponentes en la rutina de las personas mayores en Mozambique se hizo evidente debido a su relevancia para potenciar el control o la reversión de las debilidades biopsicosociales en las personas mayores.
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Chinese materia medica has a wide range of clinical applications， but it has many active ingredients with different physicochemical properties， and the target organs， action pathways and mechanisms for different ingredients to exert their efficacy are not the same. Therefore， it is difficult to design and develop a co-delivery system loading multiple components of Chinese materia medica to maximize the synergistic therapeutic efficiency. Based on the characteristics of effectiveness and functionality of active ingredients， the strategies for multi-component co-delivery of Chinese materia medica can be categorized into two types：firstly， based on the effectiveness of active ingredients， new carriers such as liposomes， nanoparticles can be constructed to load multi-components of Chinese materia medica. secondly， based on the functionality of some active ingredients of Chinese materia medica， they are employed in the construction of co-delivery system， which can give play to the dual characteristics of their own efficacy and preparation functions. In this paper， we summarized the relevant research progress of the above two types of multi-component co-delivery strategies， and mainly discussed the pharmaceutical functions of the active ingredients in co-delivery systems， in order to find a more suitable multi-component co-delivery strategy， promoting the design and development of new delivery systems of Chinese materia medica.
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Complex systems exist widely,including medicines from natural products,functional foods,and bio-logical samples.The biological activity of complex systems is often the result of the synergistic effect of multiple components.In the quality evaluation of complex samples,multicomponent quantitative analysis(MCQA)is usually needed.To overcome the difficulty in obtaining standard products,scholars have proposed achieving MCQA through the"single standard to determine multiple components(SSDMC)"approach.This method has been used in the determination of multicomponent content in natural source drugs and the analysis of impurities in chemical drugs and has been included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.Depending on a convenient(ultra)high-performance liquid chromatography method,how can the repeatability and robustness of the MCQA method be improved?How can the chromatography conditions be optimized to improve the number of quantitative components?How can computer software technology be introduced to improve the efficiency of multicomponent analysis(MCA)?These are the key problems that remain to be solved in practical MCQA.First,this review article summarizes the calculation methods of relative correction factors in the SSDMC approach in the past five years,as well as the method robustness and accuracy evaluation.Second,it also summarizes methods to improve peak capacity and quantitative accuracy in MCA,including column selection and two-dimensional chromatographic analysis technology.Finally,computer software technologies for predict-ing chromatographic conditions and analytical parameters are introduced,which provides an idea for intelligent method development in MCA.This paper aims to provide methodological ideas for the improvement of complex system analysis,especially MCQA.
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The present study explored the consistency of the content proportions of active components of Aurantii Fructus and analyzed the influencing factors based on three-dimensional multi-component analysis. A total of 839 Aurantii Fructus samples in 65 research articles were analyzed using the three-dimensional multi-component analysis mode. The content data of flavonoid components(naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, narirutin, and nobiletin), coumarin components(meranzin and gluconolactone), and alkaloid(synephrine) in 386 samples which met the criteria of 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia were extracted and adjusted to percentages, and the content ratios between components were calculated. The influencing factors of Aurantii Fructus quality were analyzed. The results showed content ratios of components as follows: neohesperidin∶naringin in the range of 0.4-1.2; narirutin∶naringin in the range of 0.02-0.16; hesperidin∶naringin in the range of 0.01-0.3; nobiletin∶naringin in the range of 0.000 588 3-0.069 68; synephrine∶naringin in the range of 0.02-0.042; gluconolactone∶naringin in the range of 0.001-0.01; meranzin∶naringin in the range of 0.000 4-0.035. The quality of Aurantii Fructus was closely related to the origin, variety, harvesting time, and processing method of medicinal materials. Harvesting time had a greater impact on the quality of Aurantii Fructus, and the origin and variety had a certain impact on the quality of Aurantii Fructus. The findings of this study indicated that the ratios between flavonoid components, flavonoids and coumarin components, and flavonoids and alkaloids fluctuated. The production base should optimize the varieties, harvesting period, and processing methods of Aurantii Fructus to provide a scientific basis for the production of high-quality Aurantii Fructus.
Subject(s)
Citrus , Flavonoids/analysis , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Fruit/chemistry , Coumarins/analysis , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methodsABSTRACT
Rare and endangered Chinese medicinal materials are the material basis for innovation and development of Chinese medicinal materials and their curative effects are remarkable. However, the resources are in shortage due to various man-made or natural factors such as rising demand, overexploitation and environmental degradation. Therefore, finding alternatives is a feasible and effective solution. This study systematically sorted out the list of rare and endangered Chinese medicinal materials, and combed relevant policies and regulations. According to existing research, the substitution model of rare and endangered Chinese medicinal materials was constructed from the theoretical level. In view of the slow search for substitutes, the failure to follow the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine in the process of research and development, the difficulty in breaking through technologies and the incomplete guarantee of the clinical efficacy of substitutes, a multi-component replacement was proposed to replace the originals with more effective components from a wide range of sources. This study was expected to promote the study on the substitutes of rare and endangered Chinese medicinal materials to step into a new stage.
Subject(s)
Humans , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use , Research Design , Plants, Medicinal , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , TechnologyABSTRACT
A hydrophilic interaction chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for simultaneous quantification of 35 components in gualoupi injection. The analytes were separated with an ACQUITY XBridge Amide column using 20 mmol·L-1 ammonium formate aqueous solution (pH 3.0) as mobile phase A and 20 mmol·L-1 ammonium formate (pH 3.0)∶acetonitrile (1∶9) as mobile phase B for gradient elution. Mass spectrometry with dynamic multiple reaction monitoring and external standard method were used for quantitative analysis. A total of 35 components were determined in 10 batches of gualoupi injection. The results showed that the 35 compounds had a good linear relationship within their respective concentration ranges with the correlation coefficients (R2 > 0.998 0), the recoveries ranged from 76.6% to 118.5%. The results showed that γ-aminobutyric acid, trigonelline, alanine, threonine, homoserine, citrulline, and leucine were abundant in gualoupi injection, while nicotinamide, methylsuccinic acid, cytosine and choline account for a low percentege. The present study provides an important reference for elucidation of the effective material basis and the improvement of quality standard of gualoupi injection.
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@#The UPLC fingerprint of colistimethate sodium was established for the study of quality consistency.The chromatographic column was Acquity UPLC? Peptide CSH C18 (2.1 mm × 150 mm, 1.7 μm).The mobile phase A was phosphate buffer-acetonitrile (19∶1), and the mobile phase B was phosphate buffer-acetonitrile (1∶1).The mobile phase was in gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min.The column temperature was set at 30 °C and the detection wavelength was 210 nm.The similarity of the fingerprints was analyzed with the Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Tradition Chinese Medicine (Version 2012) in combination with content determination of multiple index components to evaluate the quality consistency of imported and domestic bulk drugs.The result showed that both the original and generic bulk drugs met the specified limit requirements in the European Pharmacopoeia standards, and that their UPLC fingerprints were highly similar, indicating that the quality of the two substances was consistent.Establishing a fingerprint for similarity evaluation and combining it with the results of indicator component content determination as a comprehensive evaluation method for the study of drug quality consistency of complex components has the characteristics of fast, accurate, and comprehensive, which is helpful for drug quality evaluation and provides ideas for the evaluation of antibiotic quality consistency of complex components.
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Objective:To preliminarily evaluate the immunogenicity and efficacy of two novel tuberculosis vaccine candidates (a fusion multicomponent protein EPDPA015f and a mixed multicomponent protein EPDPA015m) and to provide a new antigen combination for the development of tuberculosis vaccines.Methods:Recombinant plasmids for the expression of EPDPA015f and EPDPA015m proteins were constructed. Six-week-old BALB/c mice were immunized with EPDPA015f or EPDPA015m in combination with aluminium adjuvant (50 μg/mouse) for three times with an interval of 10 d. The mice were sacrificed 10 d after the last immunization to collect blood and spleen samples. Serum antibody titers and cytokine levels were measured by ELISA, Luminex technique and enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT). Mycobacterial growth inhibition assay (MGIA) was used to detect the ability of mouse splenocytes to inhibit the growth of Mtb in vitro. One-way analysis of variance and t-test were used for statistical analysis. Results:Both EPDPA015f and EPDPA015m could induce the production of various cytokines and IgG antibodies at a high level. The levels of cytokines related to Th1 (IL-2, TNF-α, IFN-γ), Th2 (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10) and Th17 (IL-17) as well as other proinflammatory cytokines (GM-CSF, IL-12) were higher in the EPDPA015f group than in the adjuvant group ( P<0.05). The titer of IgG antibody induced by EPDPA015f was as high as 1∶4×10 6. The results of MGIA showed that the numbers of Mtb (lgCFU) in the PBS, adjuvant, EPDPA015f and EPDPA015m groups were 3.46±0.11, 3.51±0.06, 2.98±0.09 and 3.19±0.08, respectively. The number of colonies in the EPDPA015f group was the least as compared with that in the other three groups ( P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.01). Conclusions:The vaccine candidate EPDPA015f could elicit more comprehensive and high-level cellular and humoral immune responses, and exhibited superior in vitro inhibitory activity against the growth of Mtb. EPDPA015f had the potential to be used as a preventive vaccine or a booster vaccine
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Hospitalization is associated with disability.The physical activity of the elderly during hospitalization is significantly lower than that during non-hospitalization.Low-level physical activity not only affects the rehabilitation of the disease during hospitalization, forming hospital-related disability, but also increases the readmission rate and long-term care needs, seriously affecting older adults' quality of life.This article reviews the influencing factors and intervention measures of physical activity in hospitalized elderly patients, aiming to provide a reference for clinical practice.
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Indian aging population is increasing steadily and tremendously imposing a major impact on global implications and challenges in medicine and nursing world. The problem faced by the elderly population is numerous and alarming for the nation, society, health?care system, and family caregivers of the elderly. Falls are estimated to be the second-most leading cause of mortality worldwide among elderly and are considered geriatric giants. Falls are the resultant of complex interaction among various risk factors such as biological, behavioral, socioeconomic, environmental, intergenerational bonding, cultural practices, and ethnicity. These risk factors either alone or in combination cause falls among elderly. Falls are very much preventable among elderly at the primordial and primary prevention levels itself. Timely intervention with multicomponent falls preventive approach for the elderly at the community level has resulted not only decrease in the rate of falls and falls?related injuries among them but also proved to be most effective and relevant in terms of cost?effectiveness, time?consumption, and labor intensiveness for the health?care system, families, society, and community.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of multicomponent training on nutritional status and muscle function in older adults with frailty syndrome.Methods:A total of 120 elderly patients with frailty syndrome of Elderly Diagnosis and Treatment and Physical Examination Center,Jiangsu Provincial People′s Hospital from June 2018 to December 2019 were randomly divided into observation group and control group, each contained 60 cases. The control group received routine nursing care. On the basis of these, the observation group was given multicomponent training. The nutritional status, frailty status and muscle function were compared between two groups before and after 12 weeks of intervention.Results:Before intervention, there was no significant difference in the nutritional status, degree of frailty and muscle function between the two groups ( P>0.05). After intervention, the protein, skeletal muscle and total plasma protein, serum albumin, serum prealbumin and transferrin were (7.55 ± 1.34) kg, (21.37 ± 2.41) kg, (61.97 ± 5.69) g/L, (229.05 ± 17.67)mg/L, (42.14 ± 4.83) g/L, (2 364.29 ± 296.31) mg/L in the observation group, significantly higher than those in the control group (6.92 ± 0.97) kg, (20.31 ± 2.04) kg, (57.96 ± 5.22) g/L, (210.15 ± 27.99) mg/L, (37.66 ± 5.75) g/L, (2 247.42 ± 267.39) mg/L, the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 2.19-4.47, P<0.05). After intervention, the scores of physical, psychological and total frailty were 6.03 ± 0.71, 2.46 ± 0.73, 9.63 ± 0.99 in the observation group, significantly higher than in the control group (6.45 ± 0.95) pionts, (2.71 ± 0.52) pionts, (10.34 ± 1.20) pionts, the differences were statistically significant ( t=2.67, 2.02, 3.39, P<0.05). After intervention, the side-by-side, full-tandem, 4-m walk, repeated chair stands scores and total Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) scores were (0.87 ± 0.28) pionts, (1.65 ± 0.29) pionts, (2.09 ± 0.47) pionts, (1.93 ± 0.49) pionts, (7.36 ± 0.75) pionts, those socres were (0.72 ± 0.31) pionts, (1.50 ± 0.31) pionts, (1.87 ± 0.61) pionts, (1.70 ± 0.62) pionts, (6.55 ± 0.89) pionts in the control group, the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 2.16-5.18, P<0.05). Conclusions:Multicomponent training can improve the nutritional status and muscle function and delay the progress of frailty in elderly in elderly patients.
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The quality control and evaluation methods of Schizonepeta tenuifolia were established by HPLC fingerprint, multi index component content determination and chemical pattern recognition to provide basis for the quality control of medicinal materials. The chemical components of 25 batches of Schizonepeta tenuifolia panicle medicinal materials and decoction pieces collected were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography, and the common pattern of fingerprint was established. A total of 22 common chromatographic peaks were calibrated, and their similarity was more than 0.9. The samples were divided into three categories according to different producing areas by cluster analysis. The results of principal component analysis and cluster analysis were consistent. Finally, five differential markers of different batches of Schizonepeta tenuifolia were selected by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. Through the identification of the reference substance, it was determined that peak 9 was hesperidin, peak 10 was rosmarinic acid, peak 13 was tilianin, peak 14 was quercetin, and peak 20 was pulegone. The quality evaluation method established in this study is stable and reliable, and is suitable for the quality control of Schizonepeta tenuifolia.
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OBJE CTIVE To establish a method for quality evaluation of Xin ’an capsule by combining fingerprint ， multi-component quantitative analysis and chemical pattern recognition analysis. METHODS High performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）combined with Similarity Evaluation System of TCM Chromatogram Fingerprint （2012 edition）were used to establish the fingerprints of 24 batches of Xin ’an capsules and evaluate the similarity. The common peaks were determined. The contents of glucosylvitexin ，rhamnosylvitexin，vitexin，hyperoside and isoquercetin in Xin ’an capsules were determined by the same HPLC method. Taking the common peak area of fingerprint as the variable ，MetaboAnalyst 5.0 tool was used to draw the cluster analysis （CA）heat map. SIMCA 14.1 software was used to perform principle component analysis （PCA）and partial least squares-discriminant analysis （PLS-DA）. RESULTS Twelve common peaks were identified with the similarity greater than 0.97. Six common peaks were identified as chlorogenic acid ，glucosylvitexin，rhamnosylvitexin，vitexin，hyperoside and isoquercetin.The linear range of glucosylvitexin ，rhamnosylvitexin，vitexin， hyperoside and isoquercetin were 2.36-151.35，9.15-585.20， 1.20-76.50， 0.68-43.20， 0.44-27.90 µg/mL（all r＞0.999）.RSDs of precision ，repeatability and stability （24 h）tests were 163.com all less than 2.00％ . The average recoveries were 95.80％（RSD＝0.96％ ，n＝6），102.10％ （RSD＝0.93％ ，n＝6）， 103.26％（RSD＝1.28％，n＝6），103.89％（RSD＝0.73％，n＝6） and 102.09％（RSD＝1.79％，n＝6），respectively. The contents of the five components were 0.988 8-1.559 1，4.336 6-11.220 1， 0.065 1-0.830 5，0.043 8-0.692 5 and 0.023 2-0.427 2 mg/grain，respectively. The results of CA and PCA showed that 24 batches of samples could be divided into three categories ，i.e. S 1-S15，S16-S18 and S 19-S24. PLS-DA showed that variable importance in projection values of the corresponding component of peak 6 and glucosylvitexin （peak 7），rhamnosylvitexin（peak 8），hyperoside （peak 10） and isoquercetin （peak 11） were greater than 1. CONCLUSIONS The established HPLC fingerprint and multi-component quantitative method are simple and feasible. Combined with chemical pattern recognition analysis ，it can be used for the quality control of Xin ’an capsules. Glucosylvitexin ，rhamnosylvitexin and other components may be differentital markers affecting the quality of each batch of samples.
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To simultaneously determine the contents of p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, 5-caffeoylquinic acid, 4-caffeoylquinic acid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid in Imperatae Rhizoma concentrated granules, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with two internal references method (TIRM) was established and validated. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a ZORBAX RRHD Eclipse Plus C18 column (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.8 µm) using 1.7 mmol·L-1 oxalic acid in water and methanol as mobile phase. The flow rate was 0.4 mL·min-1 and the column temperature was set as 35 ℃. The relative correction factors (RCFs) of caffeic acid and ferulic acid using p-coumaric acid as internal reference were calculated and the RCFs of 4-caffeoylquinic acid and 5-caffeoylquinic acid were calculated using chlorogenic acid as the internal reference. The TIRM was fully validated for linearity, accuracy, repeatability, stability and recovery so that it could be compared with the external standard method (ESM). The RCFs of 5-caffeoylquinic acid, 4-caffeoylquinic acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid were 1.069, 1.022, 1.368, and 1.493, respectively. The TIRM and ESM were used to determine the contents of six ingredients in Imperatae Rhizoma concentrated granules from different manufacturers and the variation between results was within acceptable limits. In conclusion, the newly established TIRM allowed simultaneous determination of six ingredients (p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, 5-caffeoylquinic acid, 4-caffeoylquinic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid) in Imperatae Rhizoma concentrated granules, providing support for the quality control of this traditional Chinese medicine.
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Neurocognitive impairment is a group of clinical syndromes characterized by impaired cognitive function and decreased motor ability. Non-pharmacological interventions such as physical exercise have advantages in the treatment of patients with neurocognitive impairment. Multicomponent exercise is a combination of various physical exercises, including strength training, endurance training, balance training and flexibility training, that can improve gait, balance and cardiopulmonary function by increasing muscle mass, strength and endurance in people with neurocognitive impairment, while also reducing the risk of falls in elders. This article reviews the benefits of multicomponent exercise for patients with neurocognitive impairment and its evaluation methods; also describes 4 intervention programs and their clinical application, to provide evidence for clinical practice and promote the application of multicomponent exercise in patients with neurocognitive impairment.
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Accidental Falls , Cognition , Exercise/physiology , Gait , Resistance TrainingABSTRACT
Resumen Objetivo Evaluar la eficacia del programa multicomponente más respiro en la sobrecarga y el apoyo social de cuidadores informales de pacientes con Trastorno Neurocognitivo Mayor tipo Alzheimer. Materiales y Método Ensayo controlado aleatorizado en paralelo en 58 cuidadores aleatorizados a uno de los tres grupos de comparación: Grupo de intervención multicomponente más respiro (n=19), grupo de sólo respiro (n=19) y grupo control (n=20), se evaluaron la sobrecarga y el apoyo social mediante las escalas de Zarit y Medical Outcomes Study, en línea de base, post intervención a 5 meses y un seguimiento a 10 meses. La evaluación del efecto se realizó mediante un modelo de efectos mixtos de covarianza no estructurada. Resultados Los cuidadores fueron en su mayoría los hijos de los pacientes (72%), mujeres (76%) con una edad media de 55.1(12) años y con educación inferior a secundaria (58%). Se encontró una reducción significativa de la sobrecarga de 13.1 (IC95% -19.3:6.9) puntos en el grupo multicomponente más respiro, con un sostenimiento del efecto a 10 meses (p<0.001). Se encontró un incremento, aunque no significativa del apoyo social post intervención de 10.8 (-1,7; 23,4) para el grupo multicomponente y respiro, sin embargo, el efecto se incrementó en el tiempo logrando un aumento a 13,2 puntos (p=0.039) a los 10 meses de seguimiento. No se observó un efecto significativo en la sobrecarga ni apoyo social para el grupo que solo recibió respiro. Conclusiones El programa multicomponente más respiro mostró tener un efecto benéfico en la sobrecarga y apoyo social de cuidadores de Alzheimer.
Abstract Objective To evaluate the efficiency of a multicomponent plus respite care program on care burden and social support for informal caregivers of patients with major neurocognitive disorders associated with Alzheimer's disease. Materials and Methods A parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted with 58 caregivers who were randomly allocated to one of the following three comparison groups: a multicomponent plus respite care group (n=19), a respite care group (n=19), and a control group (n=20). Burden and social support were assessed by using the Zarit Scale and Medical Outcomes Study at baseline with a post-intervention at 5 months and follow-up at 10 months. The assessment of effects was measured by using a mixed-effects model with an unstructured covariance matrix. Results Caregivers were mostly patients' children (72%), female (76%) having a mean age of 55.1 years (12) and less than secondary education (58%). A significant reduction of 13.1% (95%CI -19.3:6.9) in caregiver burden was found in the multicomponent plus respite care group, showing a sustained effect at 10 months (p<0.001). A non-significant increase of 10.8% (-1.7;23.4) in post-intervention social support was found in the multicomponent plus respite care group. However, the effects increased over time achieving an increase at 13.2% (p=0.039) at the 10-month follow-up. No significant effects on caregiver burden or social support were reported for the respite care group. Conclusions The multicomponent plus respite care group demonstrated beneficial effects on care burden and social support for Alzheimer's caregivers.
Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a eficácia do programa multicomponente mais alívio na sobrecarga e suporte social de cuidadores informais de pacientes com Transtorno Neurocognitivo Maior do tipo Alzheimer. Método Ensaio controlado randomizado em paralelo em 58 cuidadores randomizados para um dos três grupos de comparação: Grupo de intervenção multicomponente mais alívio (n=19), grupo apenas alívio (n=19) e grupo de controle (n=20), foram avaliados a sobrecarga e suporte social usando as escalas de Zarit e Medical Outcomes Study, linha de base, pós-intervenção em 5 meses e um acompanhamento de 10 meses. A avaliação do efeito foi realizada usando um modelo de efeitos mistos de covariância não estruturada. Resultados Os cuidadores eram, em sua maioria, filhos dos pacientes (72%), mulheres (76%) com uma de idade de média de 55,1 (12) anos e com escolaridade inferior ao ensino médio (58%). Foi encontrada uma redução significativa na sobrecarga de 13,1 (IC95% -19,3:6,9) pontos no grupo multicomponente mais alívio, com uma sustentação de efeito em 10 meses (p<0,001). Foi encontrado um aumento, embora não significativo, no suporte social pós-intervenção de 10,8 (-1,7; 23,4) para o grupo multicomponente e alívio, no entanto, o efeito aumentou ao longo do tempo, alcançando um aumento para 13,2 pontos (p=0,039) aos 10 meses de acompanhamento. Nenhum efeito significativo na sobrecarga ou suporte social foi observado para o grupo que apenas recebeu alívio. Conclusões O programa de multicomponente mais alívio mostrou ter um efeito benéfico na sobrecarga e no suporte social dos cuidadores de Alzheimer.
Subject(s)
Social Support , Caregivers , DementiaABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: el cuidado de un paciente dependiente tiene mayores implicaciones si el diagnóstico es la enfermedad de Alzheimer, su calidad de vida se ve afectada de manera considerable en los aspectos relacionados con la salud. OBJETIVO: evaluar el efecto de una intervención multicomponente y transdisciplinar en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en cuidadores informales de pacientes con Trastorno Neurocognitivo Mayor (TNC) tipo Alzheimer. MÉTODOS: participaron 50 cuidadores informales de pacientes con Alzheimer, empleando el cuestionario SF-36, mediante un ensayo aleatorizado con tres grupos de comparación y con evaluación de la calidad al inicio, y a los 5 y 10 meses. Para encontrar el tamaño del efecto de las intervenciones en la calidad de vida, según los grupos estudiados, se usó un modelo de efectos mixtos con covarianza no estructurada. RESULTADOS: se encontró que quienes recibieron la intervención multicomponente más respiro obtuvieron un mejoramiento de la calidad de vida en todas las dimensiones y componentes excepto en la función física, con efectos sostenidos en seguimiento. CONCLUSIÓN: las intervenciones no farmacológicas multicomponente acompañadas de un relevo del cuidado tienen un efecto positivo en la percepción de calidad de vida en cuidadores.
INTRODUCTION: The care of a dependent patient has greater implication if the diagnostic is the disease of Alzheimer's, their quality of life is affected considerably in the aspects related to health. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the effect of a multicomponent and transdisciplinary intervention on health-related quality of life in informal caregivers of patients with Alzheimer-type Major Neurocognitive Disorder (TNC). METHODS: 50 informal caregivers of Alzheimer's patients participated, using the SF-36 questionnaire, through a randomized trial with three comparison groups and quality assessment at baseline, and at 5 and 10 months. To find the effect size of the quality of life interventions, according to the groups studied, a mixed effects model with unstructured covariance was used. RESULTS: it was found that those who received the multicomponent intervention plus respite obtained an improvement in the quality of life in all dimensions and components except physical function, with sustained effects in follow-up. CONCLUSION: multicomponent non-pharmacological interventions accompanied by a change of care have a positive effect on the perception of quality of life in caregivers.
Subject(s)
Quality of Life , Caregivers , Caregivers/psychology , Alzheimer Disease , Neurocognitive Disorders , Quality ImprovementABSTRACT
Multi-template molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction not only has the advantages of high selectivity, large adsorption capacity, easy preparation, reuse and low environmental pollution, but also can realize the enrichment and separation of many kinds of compounds. It has attracted wide attention in the extraction and separation of traditional Chinese medicine components. This study summarizes the latest development of multi-template molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction. At the same time, based on the classification of active components of traditional Chinese medicine (flavonoids, alkaloids, phenylpropanol, terpenes, etc.), the latest application of multi-template molecular imprinting solid phase extraction in multi-component separation of traditional Chinese medicine was reviewed, with a view to better application of multi-template molecularly imprinted polymer in active multi-component extraction and separation of traditional Chinese medicine and provide reference for the material basic research of the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine.
ABSTRACT
The medicinal and edible Polygonatum cyrtonema is one of the original species of Polygonati Rhizoma. In this study,HPLC fingerprints for 25 batches of P. cyrtonema from 6 provinces were established. A total of 14 common peaks were identified and the similarities of the fingerprints were in the range of 0. 939-0. 999. In additon, the partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLSDA) demonstrated that the samples had low discriminability except for JX-1 and most components of them had no significant correlation with environmental factors such as longitude, latitude, and altitude. Thus, chemical composition specificity of P. cyrtonema in natural distribution areas had no obvious regularity and their variation might be induced by the local environment. This conclusion explained the lack of records about Dao-di area of Polygonati Rhizoma. However, JX-1 boasted significantly higher content of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF) and 4',5,7-trihydroxy-6,8-dimethylhomoisoflavone( HIF), thick and long inflorescence and rhizome, and extremely high yield. Therefore, excellent variety of P. cyrtonema might have great potential to improve the quality and yield of Polygonati Rhizoma. Moreover, three components of HMF, polygonalline A(PA), and HIF were identified in the fingerprint. Among them, HMF has the activities of blood rheology improvement, antioxidation, and anti-myocardial ischemia and PA is an indolizine alkaloid with potential anti-inflammatory activity. HIF, the characteristic homoisoflavone in Polygonatum, has the pharmacological activities of regulating blood glucose and anti-tumor. A quantitative analysis method can provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of the quality evaluation of Polygonati Rhizoma.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Polygonatum , RhizomeABSTRACT
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) not only serves as the material basis of biological inheritance, but also shows great potential in the development of novel biological materials due to its programmability, functional diversity, biocompatibility and biodegradability. DNA hydrogel is a three-dimensional mesh polymer material mainly formed by DNA. It has become one of the most interesting emerging functional polymer materials in recent years because of the perfect combination of the DNA biological properties that it retained and the mechanical properties of its own skeleton. At present, single- or multi-component DNA hydrogels developed based on various functional nucleic acid sequences or by combining different functional materials have been widely used in the field of biomedicine, molecular detection, and environmental protection. In this paper, the development of preparation methods and classification strategies of DNA hydrogels are summarized, and the applications of DNA hydrogels in drug delivery, biosensing and cell culture are also reviewed. Finally, the future development direction and potential challenges of DNA hydrogels are prospected.